Utility method for exposing Node’s type resolution

[GeoffreyBooth]

Split off from nodejs/modules#389 (comment). I think it would be useful to have a function that returns how Node would try to interpret a file, in particular whether Node would try to parse a path to a .js file as CommonJS or as ESM. This would spare tools from needing to reimplement Node’s “find the nearest parent package.json and see if it has a "type" field” algorithm.

Whether the file would be interpreted successfully as that type is irrelevant; it could be a zero-byte file for all this API cares. One use case for this is for tools loading .js config files to know whether to try to load the files via require or import().

[devsnek]

i guess this is really more like a canRequire api right? since import() can handle everything.

[GeoffreyBooth]

i guess this is really more like a canRequire api right? since import() can handle everything.

Well first, can import() expressions handle everything that import statements can? I assume yes? But we still need require for .json and .node.

For this particular use case, sure, knowing whether or not require can be used solves the need: if canRequire, then require the file, else use fs.readFileSync to get it as a string and then esm to transpile it and then Module._compile to load it (like with https://github.com/floatdrop/require-from-string). This is for tools that can’t or won’t refactor to use async functions and therefore use import().

But that’s not as useful as just knowing whether Node would treat a particular .js file/path as CommonJS or as ESM. Knowing that would also solve this use case, and open up other possibilities like knowing how to parse the file if a tool wanted to do anything with it (like transpile it etc.). Also it would be more future-proof, for example if require of ESM ever happens—since if it does, would require still be synchronous or would it return a promise like import()?

[GeoffreyBooth]

Also @devsnek please see eslint/eslint#12333 (comment) for a pretty extensive list of gotchas that one user ran into when trying to replace require with import(). Unless there are workarounds or answers for all of those cases, that user is going to need to know when to use require instead of import(). (And if you don’t mind commenting on that thread and answering those questions, I’d appreciate it.)

[devsnek]

after all is said and done we should be able to load json and native add-ons with import too. the process of migration is always going to be tough.

[boneskull]

I’m confused... import() can load a CommonJS file? Maybe I’m misreading the docs.

I need to load a .js file, from a CommonJS file, and I don’t know what it is, so I don’t know whether to use import() or require(). Ideally, I could give a function a filepath and it could tell me the type of that file. Or, even better, it could just do the right thing (and return a Promise, I suppose)

[GeoffreyBooth]

import() can load a CommonJS file

Yes, import() and import can each load both CommonJS and ES module files.

[GeoffreyBooth]

Duplicate of #30514

[GeoffreyBooth]

@GeoffreyBooth, I presume needs are met for this issue as well. Should it be closed?

I don't think so. The other issue was specific to the context of loaders, where the needs are met; but the issue here is more general, and covers user application code (like a build tool needing to know how to load a file). The defaultGetFormat function mentioned in the other issue is only available to loaders, not application or library code.

[SimenB]

Jest would very much use such a function, and I'd love to not have to implement the logic manually. We implement our own require (for mocking and dependency tracking, and to run/evaluate them in different vm.Contexts) and will use custom linking etc for ESM support when we get that far (see jestjs/jest#9430). We'd need to know to use vm.Script or vm.Module when loading a file - both from user space and from node_modules. A utility function from node that can figure that out for us would simplify things for us.

[giltayar]

@SimenB I believe what you need is not to figure out whether it's esm or cjs, but rather what does node's module resolution think the file is, according to its module resolution algorithm.

For example, let's say you have a test.js file that has no imports and is in a folder with a package.json with type:module. What node would do is treat it as esm. Even if it has a "require", node would treat it as esm. And what we would expect from jest is to treat it as esm and "import" it and not "require" (or the equivalent you will use with "vm")

I added esm support for Mocha, and the trick I used to figure that out was to require the module, and if I got an error from node that says that it's an esm, then I import it. A hack, but given that there is currently no way to figure it out (besides duplicating nodes algorithm), then that is the only solution I could find.

[GeoffreyBooth]

I added esm support for Mocha, and the trick I used to figure that out was to require the module, and if I got an error from node that says that it's an esm, then I import it.

Why not do it the other way around? import() can accept either ESM or CommonJS, so it should just work on the first try without you needing to catch an error and fall back to an alternative.

[hybrist]

Why not do it the other way around?

Not who you asked but I assume because it would break synchronous consumers that may not support async test suite setup. Starting with require means the change in behavior only affects people who actively use modules.

P.S.: But I agree that in the general case starting with ESM will be safer, especially in a future where loaders may make it impossible ("harder than reasonably implementable") for CJS to fail when ESM is required.

[SimenB]

Yeah, I'm hoping the function discussed in the OP will allow us to not have to implement guessing or fallbacks. The use case of loading config presented in the OP is not my main use case, but rather custom implementation of require and import. We can of course look at file extensions and use https://github.com/sindresorhus/read-pkg-up and inspect the type field ourselves, but since node already implements this logic it'd be wonderful to not have to roll our own 🙂